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Aidus & E-Fong Herbal Solution
Herbal Medicine for Removing Exterior Syndromes-Ma Huang -麻黄
                                               
                                        Ma Huang
                                    Ephedra Herba
                                         Ephedrae

This medical herb is the herbaceous stem of the herbaceous shrub lets Ephedra Sinica Stapf. or E. equisetina Bunge.
and E.intermidia Schrenk et Mey of family Ephedraceae, mainly produced in Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu,
Liaoning, Sichuan and other areas of China. The herb is collected in the period between the beginning of autumn and
winter, dried in the shade, cut into sections and used in raw, stir-baked with honey or pounded to fine hair.

Properties: Ephedra is pungent and slightly bitter in flavour, warm in nature and acts on the lung and urinary bladder
channels. The pungent and the warm are dispersing cold. Ephedra has main effects of facilitating the circulation of the
lung-qi, relieving exterior syndromes, alleviating asthma and inducing diuresis, with the strongest dispersing power. It is
indicated for exterior syndromes of excess type affected by pathogenic wind-cold, dyspnea of excess type due to
obstruction of the lung-qi, wind edema, and anhidrosis.

Effects: Induces sweating to dispel exogenous pathogens, facilitates the circulation of the lung-qi to relieve asthma, and
induces diuresis to remove edema.

Indications:
1. For treatment of exterior syndromes of excess type affected by pathogenic wind-cold with symptoms of wind-cold
type of common cold, aversion to cold, anhidrosis, fever and headache, the herb is often used in combination with Gui
Zhi (cinnamon twig) such as Mhuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) for strengthening the effect of dispersing wind-cold.
2. Phaedra is often used in combination with apricot kernel to strengthen the effects of arresting cough and relieving
asthma, such as San’ao tang , for treatment of dyspnea of excess type due to wind-cold attacked on lung and
impairment of ventilating and descending function of the lung; with Zhi Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum), Gan
Jian (dried ginger), Xi Xin (asarum root) and other herbs to remove dampness, resolve phlegm, warm lung and eliminate
fluid retention, such as Xiao Qinglong Tang , for treatment of cold fluid retention in the lung, stagnation of phlegm and Qi
with abundant thin sputum; and with Shi Gao (raw gypsum) to clear heat from the lung, arrest cough, and relieve asthma,
such as Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang , for treatment of heat of excess type in the lung, high fever, and dyspnea.
3. For treatment of initial edema, mainly facial, with extraneous pathogenic exterior syndromes, that is, wind edema, the
herb is always used in combination with Bai Zhu (white atractylodes rhizome) such as Yuebi Jia zhu Tang for
strengthening the effect of diuresis to remove edema.
Dosage and Administration: 1. 5 and 10g. Raw herb is strong. for inducing sweating, and stir-baked is mild for
inducing sweating but better at relieving asthma.
Precautions: Patients with debility, hyperhidrosis, and asthma of deficiency type should be prohibited from using
Ephedra.

Modern Researches: Ephedra can induce sweats, clear heat, and alleviate spasm of bronchial smooth muscle to
relieve asthma. It has the effects of inhibiting bacteria and virus, inducing diuresis, elevating blood pressure and exciting
central nerves.(Aidus & E-fong Herbal Solution)



             麻 黄《本经》
为麻黄科草本状小灌木草麻黄 Ephedra Sinica Stap f. 或木贼麻黄 E.equiset – ina.Bunge. 和中麻黄 E. intermedia
Schrenk et May 的草质茎。主产于河北、山西、内蒙古、甘肃 及辽宁、四川等地。立秋至霜降之间采收 , 阴干切
段。生用、蜜炙或捣绒用。
【药性说明】味辛、微苦 , 性温。归肺、膀胱经。本品辛能发散 , 性温散寒 , 作用重在宣发肺气 , 外以解表 , 内以平
喘 , 下以利尿 , 而且发散之力最强 , 适用于风寒表实证、肺气不宣的实喘
及风水水肿而无汗者。
【药物功效】发汗解表 , 宣肺平喘 , 利水消肿。
【临床应用】
1. 风寒感冒 , 恶寒无汗 , 发热头痛 , 即风寒表实证 , 常配桂枝同用以增发散风寒之力 , 如麻黄汤。
2. 治风寒闭肺 , 肺失宣降之实喘 , 配杏仁能增强止咳平喘的作用 , 如三拗汤 ; 寒饮伏肺 , 痰阻气滞 , 痰多清稀者 , 常
配制半夏、干姜、细辛等燥湿化痰、温肺化饮药同用 , 如小青龙汤 ; 若肺中实热 , 高热喘急 ,则须配生石膏以清泻肺
热、止咳平喘 , 如麻杏石甘汤。
3. 用于水肿初起,部位偏于头面 ,又兼见外感表证者 ,即风水水肿 ,每与白术同用 , 以加强利水消肿的作用 , 如越婢加
术汤。
【用量用法】 1. 5~10 克。麻黄生用发汗力强 , 炙用发汗力缓而长于平喘。
【使用注意】凡体虚多汗及虚喘者均当忌服。
【现代研究】麻黄有发汗、解热作用。能缓解支气管平滑肌的痊孪而平喘。有抑菌、抗病毒及利尿作用。此外 , 本品
有升高血压、兴奋中枢神经的作用。